It is not necessary to remember the prevalence of vascular diseases.In the summer season, every time you go outside, you may notice blue mesh on the calves of women and men.Not everyone knows for sure how dangerous this pathology is.
What are varicose veins?
What are varicose veins?This is a disease in which peripheral arteries become inflamed.They become tortuous, knots and stand out from the surface of the skin.
Normal blood circulation is altered and pressure occurs.
When it reaches its maximum concentration, the walls of blood vessels stretch.
The legs turn blue due to the large number of vessels that stand out and the venous network.
Risk factors
Factors that cause varicose veins to appear include:
- taking hormonal medications, pregnancy;
- the influence of extra kilos, obesity;
- hereditary factor;
- Work at high temperatures, sitting or standing constantly.
You need to constantly control your lifestyle.Avoid working too much legs or doing too much physical activity.
Prevention as soon as the first signs appear.
Causes
There are two conditional subgroups: primary and secondary causes of disease.
Primary:
- hard physical work;
- sedentary lifestyle;
- weight gain;
- hereditary factor;
- genetic disposition.
Secondary:
- stress and anxiety;
- pressure in the arterial blood flow area;
- physical training with heavy weights;
- clothes that are too tight, tight shoes;
- Endocrine system alteration.
The mechanism of development of varicose veins.
Everything begins with mild symptoms, it seems that simple fatigue is affecting the joints.At the end of the workday, swelling and calf pain appear, and the cramps bother me.
Soon manifestations noticeable to the naked eye begin to develop.First, a light vascular network appears on the legs, and then a nodule.
The disease development mechanism must stop as soon as the first pain feel.
Stages
There are 6 stages of varicose veins.They are developing quickly.If the disease does not treat in the first stage, you can quickly end at the operating table.
Degree – 0. A person begins to feel the entire range of sensations inherent in the disease, but the examination does not show a positive result.
Grade - 1. The symptoms progress and a venous network appears on the legs.
Grade – 2. From this stage the manifestation of typical varicose veins begins.Joints hurt after exertion or long periods of stagnation.The arteries swell and lymph nodes appear.
Grade - 3. In everything else there is swelling, which is more pronounced at night.
Grade – 4. Trophic changes develop.The extremities take on a sickly appearance, the skin color changes and wounds appear.
Grade - 5. The totality of all manifestations and a cured ulcer.
Degree – 6. The trophic ulcer continues to actively develop.
Types of vascular discomfort
This classification of varicose veins is divided according to the types of organ affected.
There are only 4 types, namely:
- Reticular varicose veins.At this stage there are no complications, only the small capillaries are affected.The therapy quickly eliminates this defect;
- segmental.The initial stage of varicose veins is considered.Tax arteries are affected;
- They are called main varicose veins when both the large and small saphenous arteries are involved.The ducts enlarge, since the symptom is insufficient circulation;
- perforator.The veins that connect them and the superficial vessels under the skin expand.
The listed types of varicose veins are characteristic of different stages of development and manifestation of venous deformation.
How dangerous is the disease if it is not treated in time?
With this pathology, it is very important to immediately seek help from specialists.Each stage quickly transitions to a new one.
Having won speed, varicose veins can enter more serious problems.
- Thrombosis.When blood thickens, it clogs the vessels.Fabrics are formed.The legs hurt and swell.
- Teleangiectasia.Harmony that aesthetically does not decorate the legs.Vascular networks appear.And they also refer to seizures and swelling.
- Thrombophlebitis.A complex disease with characteristic symptoms.Dark skin, redness, blocking of blood vessels, blood clots.
- Trophyl ulcer.This is a consequence of a serious way of varicose veins.The blood circulation is broken, open wounds, ulcers appear.
- Bleeding.The arteries are so covered and inflated in the skin that becomes thinner and breaks over time.Hemorrhage can be internal and external.
Diagnosis
Often, the symptoms are bright and clearly expressed.
Do not make a diagnosis yourself, it is better to undergo an exam by specialists.
Patient complaints
Initially, varicose veins do not show themselves.
The most common complaints can be swelling, fatigue behind heels and seizures at night.
Clinical inspection
The appearance of the lower extremities will indicate a diagnosis.The legs are swollen, with a slight or pronounced vascular lumen.
In the final stages, ulcers may form.
Instrumental techniques
The doctor should refer you for ultrasound diagnosis.This method is very informative.It will show the condition of the vessels, blood flow, patency, the presence of blood clots, etc.
Laboratory techniques
With the help of evidence, the pathology cannot be detected, but it will definitely help to know the state of the blood.
An excessive number of white blood cells indicates that an inflammatory process is occurring in the body.
What specialists should you contact?
If warning signs and symptoms are detected, specialists will make a diagnosis immediately.
What kind of doctor is needed?
First, a phlebologist.The specialization of the doctor is specifically directed to the study of venous pathologies.
Therapist.The doctor will definitely prescribe tests and, based on the results, refer you to a specific specialist, which will save you a lot of time.
Vascular surgeon.Its task is simple: identify whether the state of the veins and blood vessels has changed due to the development of the disease.As a result, prescribe treatment or prevention.
Angiologist.Specialists in this area prefer conservative intervention.This only helps eliminate the subsequent increase in symptoms.Therefore, in severe stages, a visit to this doctor would be inappropriate.
Pathology symptoms.
To avoid running
From a disease to incurable complications, it is necessary to know all the symptoms that may appear during the development of this ailment.
Main features:
- the appearance of warmth;
- pain and heaviness;
- bloating and cramps at night;
- The venous network is brighter than usual;
- Skin stamps.
Secondary signs:
- External changes cover only the pit area under the knee and the posterior surface of the leg;
- The affected tissues are palpated;
- swelling of soft tissues and feet;
- Pygmentation and thickening of the skin;
- trophic ulcers.
There are also serious symptoms of varicose veins that require immediate hospitalization: bleeding, ganglia rupture.
Therapy
The planned treatment for varicose veins depends on its progression.
Patients who seek medical help immediately can use conservative methods.
Pharmacological treatment
After undergoing a medical diagnosis, the doctor prescribes a course of medications necessary for the case.
After the course of treatment, the patient must be diagnosed again to ensure that further treatment is not necessary.
In other cases, the drugs are taken repeatedly.
Use of compression materials.
A phlebologist individually selects special underwear, which he restores without surgery.
Diet
The patient needs to use foods to strengthen the vascular walls that prevent blood coagulation and the appearance of blood clots.They contain the main component: Kumarin.
For example: red currants, garlic, cherry, lemon.
exercise therapy
Exercise with this condition is very important.
Useful loads activate blood circulation and its flow to the lower extremities.
Physiotherapy
One of the methods to treat varicose veins is physiotherapy.The procedures are selected and prescribed only by a doctor depending on the individual course of the disease.
It can be a massage or laser method.
Hirudotherapy
This procedure relaxes the muscles, thins the blood, normalizes blood pressure, restores lymphatic flow.
Surgery
Surgical measures are used when the patient turned late for help.
MAIN OPERATION METHODS: Flebectomy, short extraction, endoscopic dissection of the veins.
Prevention of varicose veins
The preventive methods of the disease are very important, especially in the initial stage of development.
Try to walk more on foot, do not wear tight shoes and clothes.Do not get involved in campaigns in a bathroom or sauna house.
After a hard day, you can do simple exercises that promote relaxation.
Gym
Light exercises, selected by a specialist, will help activate blood circulation in the legs.
There are complexes that can be done not only at home, but also at work.
Traditional therapy
Sometimes grandmother's folk treatment methods are no less effective.
These are some of them:
- Horse chestnut tincture.Three courses of treatment are required, each of them is as follows: for 7 days before meals, drink a tablespoon of tincture.Then we take a break for 14 days and then we continue.To do this, you need to take 50 grams of plant flowers, 0.5 liters of alcohol.Add the chestnuts and let them rest for two weeks.
- To strengthen blood vessels, drink fresh fruit and vegetable juices every day.Regular saturation of the body with vitamins will prevent the development of the disease.
What is harmful to varicose veins?
The disease described above does not like heat or huge charges of energy.You cannot jump, run or exercise on a running tape or a steppe.
Lovers of the bar will also have to postpone the session to eliminate the load on the lower extremities.